Susceptibility of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Associated with Respiratory Tract Infection To Methanolic Extract of Garcinia kola Heckel (Bitter Kola)

Piu, A. Okiki and Ruth, A. Idowu and Olayinka, O. Idris and Iyadunn, A. Osibote and Oguntope, A. Sobajo Susceptibility of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Associated with Respiratory Tract Infection To Methanolic Extract of Garcinia kola Heckel (Bitter Kola). Advances in Biological Research.

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Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the effects of methanolic extract of bitter kola on bacterial isolates from sputum of patients with respiratory tract infections. One hundred and sixty patients, made up of 85 males and 75 females, attending chest clinics at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital and General Hospital, both in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, were recruited for this study. Biodata of the subjects were obtained and bacteriological investigations were carried out on the sputum samples. The subjects were 7-71 (41.27 ± 13.73) years old. Microscopical examination of the sputum following Gram staining of the smear revealed the presence of yeast cells (30.85%), epithelial cells (35.11%), white blood cells (13.83%), red blood cells (10.64%), hyphae and pseudohyphae (5.32%). Bacteria isolated from sputum were Klebsiella pneumoniae , Corynebacterium argentoratense , Staphylococcus spp , Vibrio fluvialis , Enterobacter aerogenes , Burkholderi a cepacie, Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio mimicus , Vibrio vulnificus , Corynebacterium accolens , Luteococcus peritonei , Kingella denitrificans, Pseudocitrobacter spp, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan,s Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Citrobacter spp, Blastobacter denitrificans, Tatumella ptyseos among others. The bacterial isolates showed varied degree of multidrug resistance (MDR). All the tested organisms were susceptible to imipenem, an indication of lack of carbapenemase production. Twenty- four (96%) of the 25 bacterial isolates tested were positive for extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production. All the extended beta-lactamase positive bacterial isolates were susceptible to the methanolic extract of bitter kola at low concentration. The methanolic extract bitter kola was found to contain saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and steroids

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