Genetic Analysis of Effect of Heat Stress on Genomic DNA from Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.)

Onasanya, Amos and Obafemi, T. O. and Ojo, A. A. and Abu, M. E. and Prebor, A. D. and Omokhuale, F. M. and . Afolabi, B. A and Afolabi, A. and Falode, . A. (2015) Genetic Analysis of Effect of Heat Stress on Genomic DNA from Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.). Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 4 (4). pp. 1-14. ISSN 2394-1081

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Abstract

Aims: Genetic analysis was used to study the effect of heat st ress on young seedlings of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.). Study Design: Four different colors of cowpea seeds (white, dirty w hite, deep brown and light brown) were obtained from GeneBank of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria. Seeds from each of the cowpea four colors we re first pre-germinated and young seedlings subjected to DNA extraction. Extracted DNA subjected to different temperature treatments at 75°C and 100°C for one hour and control not heated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti, Nigeria between January 2015 and June 2015. Methodology: UV wavelength absorption spectrum analysis (A 200 – A 960 ) was carried out on control DNA and DNA heated at 75°C and 100°C respectively. Cl uster analysis of optical density (OD) data was carried out to establish the relationship between co ntrol DNA and heat treated DNA (75°C and 100°C). Results: DNA concentrations of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. were between 0.40 to 1.15 mg/ml, 0.33 to 0.84 mg/ml, and 0.26 to 0.89 mg/ml for control a nd heat treatments of 75°C and 100°C respectively. DNA UV absorption spectra of control and heat treatments of 75°C and 100°C were generally different due to differential UV wavelengt h absorption. Cluster analysis revealed three different clusters (cluster 1, cluster 2 and cluster 3) among control DNA and heat treated DNA. Cluster 1 comprised of V1-control, V1-75°C and V1-10 0°C, with V1-75°C and V1-100°C having similar characters. Cluster 2 was made up of V4-control, V4-75°C and V4-100°C, with V4-75°C and V4-100°C having the same characters. Cluster 3 was largel y characterized by dissimilar DNA extracts of V3-75°C, V2-control, V3-100°C, V2-100°C, V 3-control and V2-75°C. Conclusion: Genetic diversity among individual Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. accession DNA as obtained in this study could possibly be as a result of variations in heat tolerance among dissimilar cowpea genomic compositions

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