PREVALENCE OF HIV AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA.

Omosanya, O.E. and Ayodapo, A.O. and Ibrahim, A.O. and Ogundana, A.O. (2020) PREVALENCE OF HIV AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA. Yenogoa Medical Journal, 2 (1). pp. 79-84.

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Abstract

Background: HIV infection, a major health problem worldwide, has been reported to be prevalent in patients in Accident and Emergency department, thus presents an occupational hazard to health care workers (HCW) who careforthesepatients. Objective: The purpose of thisstudy wasto establish the prevalence of HIV and associated risk factors among patients attendingAccidentandEmergency departmentof Federal TeachingHospital(FETHI),Ido-Ekiti. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, coded questionnaire and blood samples. A total of 100 patients were recruited and studied. Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) 1 and 2 screening was conducted on consecutive consented conscious patients using the STAT PAK™ (Chembio Diagnostic Systems Inc, USA) and Determine™ (Abbott Laboratories, IL, USA) kitsfor HIV 1 and 2. Data collected were entered into and analysed with SPSS 20 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL,USA). Results: Out of 100 patients recruited for the study, males accounted for 49% while females accounted for 51%. Those positive for HIV were 2 (2.0%) while 98 (98.0%) were confirmed negative. Both that were positive forHIVwerefemales. The affectedage-groupswere31-40 years and51-60 years. Conclusion: A risk of exposure to HIV exists in HCW who care for these patients in our institution. Thus, all emergency health care workers need to practice universal barrier precautions in order to reduce the risk of exposure to HIV infection.

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